The Cambridge Economic History of the United States, WIP
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THE CAMBRIDGE ECONOMIC HISTORY
OF THE UNITED STATES
volume ii
The Long Nineteenth Century
In the past several decades there has been a significant increase in our knowledge
of the economic history of the United States. This has come about in part because
of the developments in economic history, most particularly with the emergence of
the statistical and analytical contributions of the “new economic history,” and in
part because of related developments in social, labor, and political history that have
important implications for the understanding of economic change.
The Cambridge
Economic History of the United States
has been designed to take full account of new
knowledge in the subject, while at the same time offering a comprehensive survey
of the history of economic activity and economic change in the United States, and
in those regions whose economies have at certain times been closely allied to that
of the United States: Canada and the Caribbean.
Volume II surveys the economic history of the United States, Canada, and the
Caribbean during the long nineteenth century, a period of massive international
and intercontinental movements of labor, capital, and commodities. The United
States and Canada began the period as small but vigorous societies; the United
States ended the period as the world’s premier economic power. Five main themes
frame the economic changes described in the volume: the migration of labor and
capital from Europe, Asia, and Africa to the Americas; westward expansion; slavery
and its aftermath; the process of industrialization; and the social consequences of
economic growth that led to fundamental changes in the role of government. Other
topics include: inequality, population, labor, agriculture, entrepreneurship, trans-
portation, banking and finance, business law, and international trade.
Volume I covers the economic history of British North America and the
early United States, and Volume III surveys U.S. economic history during the
twentieth century.
Stanley L. Engerman is John H. Munro Professor of Economics and Professor of
History at the University of Rochester.
The late Robert E. Gallman was Kenan Professor of Economics and History at
the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
THE CAMBRIDGE
ECONOMIC HISTORY
OF THE UNITED STATES
volume ii
The Long Nineteenth Century
Edited by
STANLEY L. ENGERMAN
ROBERT E. GALLMAN
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
published by the press syndicate of the university of cambridge
The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom
cambridge university press
10 Stamford Road, Oakleigh, Melbourne 3166, Australia
Ruiz de Alarcón 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain
© Cambridge University Press 2000
This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception
and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,
no reproduction of any part may take place without
the written permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published 2000
Printed in the United States of America
Typeface
Garamond 11/13 pt.
System
QuarkXPress [bts]
A catalog record for this book is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data is available
isbn
0 521 55307 5
hardback
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
CONTENTS
Preface
page
vii
Economic Growth and Structural Change in the Long
Nineteenth Century
1
robert e. gallman,
University of North Carolina,
Chapel Hill
The Economy of Canada in the Nineteenth Century
57
marvin mcinnis,
Queen’s University
Inequality in the Nineteenth Century
109
clayne pope,
Brigham Young University
The Population of the United States, 1790–1920
143
michael r. haines,
Colgate University
The Labor Force in the Nineteenth Century
207
robert a. margo,
Vanderbilt University
The Farm, the Farmer, and the Market
245
jeremy atack,
Vanderbilt University
,
fred bateman,
University of Georgia
, and
william n. parker,
Yale University
Northern Agriculture and the Westward Movement
285
jeremy atack,
Vanderbilt University
,
fred bateman,
University of Georgia
, and
william n. parker,
Yale University
Slavery and Its Consequences for the South in the
Nineteenth Century
329
stanley l. engerman,
University of Rochester
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
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