The great preposition mystery0001 delikatnie uszkodzone, Angielski
[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
The Great Preposition Mystery
is designed to be used as a review of prepositions in an inter-
mediate/advanced grammar course. The vocabulary is not graded, and some students may have to
use a dictionary more frequently than others.
The student gets practice with prepositions in three ways: by choosing an appropriate preposition
in context; by selecting an appropriate preposition in a narrowly defined situation; and by using
prepositions in student-generated sentences.
As the students work their way through the my stery story and the exercises in each chapter , they
should make fewer and fewer errors. By the time the students solve the mystery, they should have
solved the
Great Preposition Mystery.
Instructions and Notes to Teacher and Students
l. In every chapter of the my stery story, certain passages contain blanks where prepositions have
been deleted. The students should fill in the blank with an appropriate preposition. In some
cases, more than one preposition may be correct either because two prepositions have the same
meaning (e.g., next to, by) or because there is insufficient context (e.g., He walked along
(down) the road.). In some cases, the blank may use more than one word where the appropriate
preposition consists of two words (e. g., next to, instead of).
2. In most chapters of the my sterY story, certain passages do not contain blanks. In these cases,
the students łhould note all prepositions. However, they should not note words which are par-
ticl.es of two-word verbs or which function as adverbs or conjunctions. Look at the following
sentences.
The gasoline tank blew
up.
He didn't catch
on
to the joke.
The teacher kept
on
talking .
The airplane took
ojf.
The underlined words are particles oftwo-word verbs and should not be circled as prepositions.
Particles oftwo-word verbs cannot usually be separated from the main verb.
He fell
ojf
the cliff.
He fell
ojf.
He fell
ojf oJthe
cliff.
She came
in
the house.
She came
in.
In the first sentence, the word o.fffunctions as a preposition. In the second, the word ojffunctions
as an adverb. In the third, Wf, functions as an adverb and
oj
is a preposition. In the fourth
sentence,
in
is a preposition. In the fifth sentence,
in
is an adverb.
We started the exam
after
9 o'clock.
We started the exam
after
hearing the bell.
We started the exam
after
the teacher told us to begin.
Everyone passed the exam
but
me.
I sat there looking at the exam
but
not reading it.
I took the exam
but
(I) didn't pass it.
In the first and second sentences, the word
after
functions as a preposition. Such words are
prepositions when they are followed either by a noun phrase (9 o'clock) or by a gerund (hear-
ing). They function as subordinate conjunctions when followed by a subject
+
verb (the teacher
told). Similarly, the word
but
functions as a preposition in the fourth and fifth sentences and as a
conjunction in the sixth sentence .
..
3. Answers separated by slash / or given in parentheses are suitable altematives. Answers sep-
arated by a comma , indicate the answers for more than one blank in the item.
A Review of Prepositions
A preposition is used to connect nouns and noun structures to other structures in the sentence. A
noun structure following the preposition is called the
object of the preposition.
The
object of the preposition
can be
a noun: We gave a present to
our secretaries.
a pronoun: We gave a present to
them.
a gerund: We thought about
giving
a present to them.
a noun c1ause: We thought about giving a present to
whoever workedfor us.
I
Placement of Prepositions
The preposition is usually placed
before
the object. But it may be placed at the
end
of a sentence in
a question: Which country did you go to?
an adjective c1ause: This map shows the countries which we went to.
a noun c1ause: We forget which countries we went to.
An
adjectival prepositional phrase
is placed
after
the noun it modifies.
The book
on the desk
is mine.
The dog
next door
bothers me.
An
adverbial prepositional phrase,
like any adverb, may be placed
anywhere
in the sentence.
Or it may be placed at the
end: I came
at nine o' clock.
middle: He leaves
in IWo hours
to visit his friends.
beginning:
On Monday,
I have my French class.
"
There are one- and two-word prepositions:
one-word: in, at, over, among
two-word: next to, instead of
There are times when prepositions can be used without objects. At such times, they no longer func-
tion as prepositions but become either (1) two-word verbs; (2) adverbs; or (3) conjunctions.
Two-word verbs
(verb
+
particIe)
Examples: bring up (raise) find out (discover)
call off (cancel) catch on (understand)
These combinations have idiomatic meanings and therefore are not discussed in this text. Examples,
however, will be found in the my stery story.
Adverbs
Example: Did you take the elevator? No, we walked up.
Conjunctions
Examples: He came before I did.
Please come before the meeting starts.
'1~gV'1V ~flOH~IM (llI03~1I ~H~ ~O ~SV3 ~H~
[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]