The Routledge Linguistics Encyclopedia Malmkjaer, językoznawstwo, encyklopedie, słowniki, leksykony
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THE ROUTLEDGE
LINGUISTICS
ENCYCLOPEDIA
The Routledge Linguistics Encyclopedia is a single-
volume encyclopedia covering all major and
subsidiary areas of linguistics and applied lin-
guistics. The seventy nine entries provide in-depth
coverage of the topics and sub-topics of the
eld.
Entries are alphabetically arranged and exten-
sively cross-referenced so the reader can see how
areas interrelate. Including a substantial intro-
duction which provides a potted history of lin-
guistics and suggestions for further reading, this
is an indispensable reference tool for specialists
and non-specialists alike.
This third edition has been thoroughly revised
and updated, with new entries on:
Optimality Theory
Research Methods in Linguistics
Slang
The following entries have been recommissioned
or substantially revised:
Animals and Language, Arti
cial Languages,
Computational Linguistics to Language Engi-
neering, Contrastive Analysis/Contrastive Linguis-
tics, Corpus Linguistics, Critical Discourse
Analysis, Dialectology, Discourse Analysis, Dys-
lexia, Genre Analysis, Historical Linguistics, Into-
nation, Language and Education, Language,
Gender and Sexuality, Language Origins, Lan-
guage Surveys, Language Universals, Linguistic
Typology, Metaphor, Pragmatics, Rhetoric,
Semantics, Semiotics, Sociolinguistics, Stylistics,
Systemic-Functional Grammar, Writing Systems.
Attitudes to Language
Conversation Analysis
English Language Teaching
Gesture and Language
Idioms
Language and Advertising
Language and New Technologies
Linguistics in Schools
Kirsten Malmkjær is Professor of Translation
Studies and Literary Translation at Middlesex
University, UK.
THE ROUTLEDGE
LINGUISTICS
ENCYCLOPEDIA
THIRD EDITION
Edited by
Kirsten Malmkjær
First published 1995, second edition 2002
Third edition 2010
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, OX14 4RN
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2009.
To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s
collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.
© 1995, 2002, 2010 Kirsten Malmkjær
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any
form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented,
including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system,
without permission in writing from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
A catalog record for this book has been requested
ISBN 0-203-87495-1 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN13: 978-0-415-42104-1 (hbk)
ISBN13: 978-0-203-87495-0 (ebk)
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